The field of transformation optics is founded on the effects produced by metamaterials transformation optics has its beginnings in the conclusions of two research endeavors. Generalized transformation optics from triple spacetime. Transformation optics has shown that optical space can be designed and engineered at will, opening the fascinating. According to the theory, any given electromagnetic device can be transformed into an infinite number of new ones with same electromagnetic. Pdf underpinned by the advent of metamaterials, transformation optics offers great versatility for controlling electromagnetic waves to create. Metamaterials are beginning to transform optics and microwave technology thanks to their versatile properties that, in many cases, can be tailored according to prac tical needs and desires 20, 31, 32, 48, 57, 80, 86, 120. This method defines the exact modification of magnetic and. Metamaterials, chalcogenide glass transforming optics. Metamaterials and transformation optics control light on a. Lavrentovich1 liquid crystal institute and chemical physics interdisciplinary program, kent state university, kent, oh 44242r ecent advances of modern optics have been made possible with the development of unique materials, most notably liquid. Underpinned by the advent of metamaterials, transformation optics offers great versatility for controlling electromagnetic waves to create materials with specially designed properties. Negative refraction in photonic crystals and metamaterials. Nov 26, 2014 metamaterials are artificial structures designed for controlling electromagnetic and acoustic waves or fields, they exhibit exceptional properties that are unexpected from their chemical. Based on a transformation optics method, a flat compact dualpolarized luneburg lens antenna is proposed and implemented using the printedcircuitboardstacked gradientindex metamaterials for beamscanning and multibeam applications at xbands.
Metamaterial cloaking, based on transformation optics, describes the process of shielding something from view by controlling electromagnetic radiation. Owing to their ability to support the surfaceplasmon polariton spp surface waves in the infrared and visible regimes, the noble metals, such as. As we describe in this article, the concept of transformation optics embraces some of the spectacular recent applications of metamaterials. Pdf transformation optics and infrared metamaterials for. Metamaterials, part 3 cloaking and transformation optics. Transformation optics has shown that optical space can be designed and engineered at will, opening the fascinating possibility of controlling the flow of light with nanometer spatial precision. May, 2010 a new strategy to control the flow of surface plasmon polaritons at metallic surfaces is presented. The fields of plasmonics, metal optics, metamaterials, and transformation optics 18 offer a collection of techniques to tame the electromagnetic fields into desired spatial patterns, providing applications in engineering and applied sciences. The innovative field of transformation optics 2, 3, which is enabled by metamaterials and plasmonics, has inspired a fresh look at the very foundations of optics and helped to create a new paradigm for the science of light. Two types of transformation are presented, coordinate transformation and space transformation. Transformation optics and metamaterials iopscience. Transformation optics, metamaterials, nanophotonics. European space agency, the advanced concepts team dgpi, keplerlaan 1, 2201 az noordijk, the netherlands dated. Jun 10, 2011 metamaterials and transformation optics play substantial roles in various branches of optical science and engineering by providing schemes to tailor electromagnetic fields into desired spatial patterns.
These extreme metamaterials incorporate the innovative theories of transformation optics to, and hyperlens and are pertinent to the important areas of optical cloaking, subwavelength sensing, superresolution imaging, and magnifying hyperlens. Transformation optics and metamaterials article pdf available in nature materials 95. Litchinitser, in fundamentals and applications of nanophotonics, 2016. Liquid crystals, photonic crystals, metamaterials, and transformation optics oleg d. Here media, possibly made of metamaterials, are designed such that they appear to perform a coordinate transformation from physical space to some virtual electromagnetic space. July 25, 2008 in this paper, various extensions of the design strategy for transformation media are proposed. This method defines the exact modification of magnetic and dielectric constants required, so that the electromagnetic behaviour remains invariant after a transformation to a new coordinate system. The metamaterial structures with a minimum feature size of 2. Metamaterials have dramatically expanded the range of available optical properties, enabling an array of new devices such as superlenses, perfect absorbers, and ultrafast switches. The associated metamaterials technology for designing and realizing optical and electromagnetic devices can control the behavior of light. Liquid crystals, metamaterials, transformation optics. Transformation optics and metamaterials nature materials. Transformation optics 2 on the left transformation of space. Transformation optics can go beyond cloaking mimic celestial mechanics because its control of the trajectory and path of light is highly effective.
Transformation electromagnetics is a systematic design technique for optical and electromagnetic devices that enables novel wavematerial interaction properties. Asger mortensen a,b a department of photonics engineering, technical university of denmark, dk2800 kgs. Osa transformation optics for cavity array metamaterials. Metamaterials and transformation optics springerlink. However, far less emphasis has been placed on lowloss nearzeroindex metamaterials that. Feburary 27march 2, 2018 liquid crystals, metamaterials, transformation optics, photonic crystals, and solar cells ima workshop image credit. July 25, 2008 in this paper, various extensions of the design strategy for. A flat dualpolarized transformationoptics beamscanning. Lcs have already completed a revolution in the way we present information nowadays, enabling an entire industry of flat panel liquid crystal displays lcds. Transformation optics center for metamaterials and. The immense potential of refractive index engineering in metamaterials can be further exemplified by recent progress in the field of transformation optics that enabled novel opportunities in the design of gradedindex structures 150161. Transformation optics enables us to work out the exact properties a metamaterial would need to achieve the required bending.
Oct 21, 2008 transformation optics is a field of optical and material engineering and science embracing nanophotonics, plasmonics, and optical metamaterials. The transmission properties of thz radiation through these metamaterials were systematically. Metamaterials have properties not available in nature and are typically manmade. Transformation optics based antennas is organized into two chapters that follow an introduction that presents the basic principles of the transformation optics concept. Optical metamaterials designed for extreme control over the flow of light at both the nano and macroscopic scales are discussed. Cloaking devices, electromagnetic wormholes and transformation optics. To harness these emerging capabilities, a new methodology was needed that would enable the rapid. In this article we show how to use these tools for applications in electromagnetic or optical metamaterials. Recent advances of modern optics have been made possible with the development of unique materials, most notably liquid crystals lcs, photonic crystals pcs, and metamaterials mms. Since coordinate transformation often leads to unusual materials parameters absent in nature, metamaterials 25 have been applied to realize. Transformation optics and metamaterials request pdf.
To harness these emerging capabilities, a new methodology was needed that would enable the rapid design of devices based on these complex materials. In view of the difficulty to realize the fullparameter transformation devices, a published theory has suggested a technique of quasiconformal. Borivoje milosevic, slobodan obradovic, metamaterials and transformation optics contemporary materials, viii. Transformation optics may enable invisibility, ultrapowerful microscopes and computers by harnessing nanotechnology and metamaterials. Quantum optical e ectivemedium theory and transformation quantum optics for metamaterials martijn wubs a,b, ehsan amooghorban c,d, jingjing zhang e,a,f, and n. Metamaterials are artificial structures designed for controlling electromagnetic and acoustic waves or fields, they exhibit exceptional properties that are unexpected from their chemical. Apr 23, 2010 transformation optics describes the capability to design the path of light waves almost at will through the use of metamaterials that control effective materials properties on a subwavelength scale. This thesis aims to apply the transformation optics concept for. Metamaterials and transformation optics control light on a microchip 26 november 2012 transformation optics devices that perform diverse, simple functions can be integrated together to build. Metamaterials, transform optics and cloaking author. Visit to princeton university for discussions and lectures on metamaterials.
Transformation optics describes the capability to design the path of light waves almost at will through the use of metamaterials that control effective materials properties on a. This book will serve as the authoritative reference for students and researchers alike to the fastevolving and exciting research area of transformation electromagneticsoptics, its application to the design of revolutionary new devices, and their associated metamaterial realizations. Transformation optics to provides a new way to design optical devices with extraordinary predesigned functions such as invisibility cloaks and electromagnetic wormholes. Currently, there is a strong research focus in applications of the modulated liquid crystal phases, whose periodicity in the range of 10 nm to 1. Pt metamaterials via complexcoordinate transformation optics. Transformation optics is a field of optical and material engineering and science embracing nanophotonics, plasmonics, and optical metamaterials. They have exciting applications such as invisible cloaking, modulators, bandpass filters, perfect lenses, subwavelength resolution, beam. We report a theoretical study showing that by designing and manipulating spatially inhomogeneous, nonuniform conductivity patterns across a flake of graphene, one can have this material as a. Transformation optics describes the capability to design the path of light waves almost at will through the use of metamaterials that control effective materials properties on a subwavelength scale. Our results for metamaterials are based on a rather general lagrangian theory for the quantum electrodynamics of media with both loss and gain. Transformation optics and metamaterials ping sheng. Developing finite element methods for simulating transformation optics devices with metamaterials wei yang1, jichun li2.
It is based on the application of the concept of transformation optics to devise the optical parameters of the dielectric medium placed on top of the metal surface. Pdf transformation optics and metamaterials researchgate. Quantum optical effectivemedium theory and transformation. We describe the general methodology for the design of transformation optical devices for surface plasmons and analyze, for. Metamaterials direct and control the propagation and transmission of specified parts of the light spectrum and demonstrate the potential to render an object seemingly invisible. They can force light to travel along a curved path, thereby opening up the possibility of devices such as invisibility cloaks. Liquid crystals, photonic crystals, metamaterials, and.
The transformed material properties of the planar luneburg lens are designed with 17layered permittivity distribution of polynomials. Using a combination of the new tools of metamaterials and transformation optics, engineers at penn state university have developed designs for miniaturized optical devices that can be used in chipbased optical integrated circuits, the equivalent of the integrated electronic circuits that make possible computers and cell phones. The associated metamaterials technology for designing and realizing optical and electromagnetic. Metamaterials and transformation optics to offer some new tech niques to tame the electromagnetic. Exotic and inhomogeneous material parameters, lossless, perfectlymatchedlayer conditions, fasterthanlight propagation.
Transformation optics and metamaterials purdue engineering. Gave a talk at uc berkeley 710 february 20 gave an invited lecture and received the mcgroddy prize at the aps march meeting, baltimore, 1722 march 20. Generalized transformation optics from triple spacetime metamaterials luzi bergamin. Mar 29, 2011 recent advances of modern optics have been made possible with the development of unique materials, most notably liquid crystals lcs, photonic crystals pcs, and metamaterials mms. Since the size of the cams constituent elements are commensurate with the operating wavelength of the device, it cannot directly utilise classical transformation optics in the same way as traditional. Implementations using metamaterials are also discussed. Chan2 and ping sheng2 underpinned by the advent of metamaterials, transformation optics offers great versatility for controlling electromagnetic waves to create materials with specially designed properties. In the second part of this paper, we present a new application of transformation optics whereby local spontaneousemission rates of. Underpinned by the advent of metamaterials, transformation optics offers great versatility for controlling electromagnetic waves to create materials with specially. Pdf the coordinate transformation approach is applied for the design of an optical mode adaptor between two different width waveguides in the near ir. These optical metamaterial spaces could enable innovative paradigms of transformation optics. Cavity array metamaterials cams, composed of optical microcavities in a lattice coupled via tightbinding interactions, represent a novel architecture for engineering metamaterials.
The two papers are tenable theories on bending or distorting light to electromagnetically conceal an object. A new strategy to control the flow of surface plasmon polaritons at metallic surfaces is presented. An invisibility cloak prevents reflections and shadows from an object it is a huge challenge to actually build an invisibility cloak particularly at visible wavelengths where interest is naturally strongest. To understand how transformation optics works, let us consider. Since 2006, in which two pioneering papers were published in science defining the concept of transformation optics 1,2,3, many scientists, inspired by the incredible possibilities of this tool, have proposed innovative alternatives to classic devices 4. The mathematical tool that tells us what kind of metamaterial will bend light along the desired path is known as transformation optics. This thesis is about metamaterials and its application in negative refraction, slow light and transformation optics. Transformation optics with metamaterials, unusual and extraordinary material properties can be created and manipulated with unprecedented flexibility and control. Metamaterials and transformation optics report on activities february 2010 january 2011 jb pendry during the second year of activities there were 4 separate visits to the usa. Typically, metamaterials are periodic structures consisting of metal lodielectric scatterers.
Pt metamaterials via complexcoordinate transformation. Metamaterials and transformation optics report on activities february 20 january 2014 jb pendry during the fifth year of activities there were several visits to the usa. Transformation optics and the geometry of light arxiv. These optical metamaterial spaces could enable innovative paradigms of transformation optics pertinent to optical cloaking, subwavelength. Transformation opticsbased antennas is organized into two chapters that follow an introduction that presents the basic principles of the transformation optics concept. Terahertz thz metamaterials in transformation optics and plasmonics were investigated. Lyngby, denmark b center for nanostructured graphene, technical university of denmark, dk2800 kgs. These optical metamaterial spaces could enable innovative paradigms of transformation optics pertinent to optical. Most research has focused on demonstrating negative and highindex metamaterials at terahertz and optical wavelengths. They have exciting applications such as invisible cloaking, modulators, bandpass filters, perfect lenses, subwavelength resolution, beam compressors, slowlight devices and so on. In the last decade, a technique termed transformation optics has been developed for the design of novel electromagnetic devices. Electromagnetic metamaterials, plasmonics and transformation. Lowloss impedancematched optical metamaterials with zero. The theoretical foundation of fullwave transformation optics fwto is built on the invariance of maxwells equations under coordinate transformations, provided that the basic optical parameters of materialsthe dielectric permittivity er.
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